Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep. This results in the interruption of the sleep cycle and has negative consequences for quality of life. OSA is a relatively common condition, but its prevalence is increasing with rising rates in obesity.

The purpose of the illustration is to educate a broad clinical audience on anatomic variations in the upper airway that cause restriction of airflow and contribute to OSA. The illustration is innovative through the inclusion of conceptualized three-dimensional volumes alongside mid-sagittal anatomical views to demonstrate how each variation restricts airflow.